Adam Smith and his view of the role on government in the economy Research Paper

Adam Smith and his view of the role on government in the economy - Research Paper Example Body Body comprises of the discussion of the roles of the government proposed by Adam Smith. These roles include: 1. Protection of the citizens from external forces. 2. Protection of the rights of the citizens through the means of judiciary. 3. Development and maintenance of institution for the public. Through his book he even proposed different ideas such as the impact of religion in particular nation, the difference between the value and weight of goods, the role played by government in providing education. Summary The summary sections covers all the topics discussed throughout the report, including: summary of the roles of the government. Introduction The wealth of nations was the master piece of Adam smith (Smith, 2009). The book represented the political economy and it showed the mechanism of exchange in much broader way with the main area of concern. Not just that, it believed in the ideal governmental form that was mandatory for the commercial improvement and in order to appro ach the self interest of each individual. It is because of â€Å"the wealth of nations† that made Adam smith a pure laissez faire intellectual. In his book, he had discussed about the system of natural liberty. Natural liberty is the way of dealing in which government role of intervention is very minimum and only the individuals at the market place are responsible for the control. According to smith, government or sovereign state had only three major parts to play that involves protection of the country from any outside attack, to implement the rule of justice in true sense and provide real protection to the individuals living in the state from each other and the last one was the responsibility of constructing and preparing the public works and public based institutions that was in the interest of citizen or a group of citizen, which was not be afforded by them previously. Body First Responsibility However, there are certain controversies associated with every form of respons ibility of the sovereign state as indicated by Adam smith. For the first responsibility of protecting the society from the outside attackers, there was an argument among other theorists and smith regarding the citizen militia and standing army, as to whom would be the best for the required job by taking help of the deep discussion from the historical relevance of military at several time periods in the given society (Sherman 91). With the specialized thinking and relevance, smith gave his positive opinion in the court of army with no doubts. Army must be given the role of protecting the society instead of citizen militia. Second and Third Responsibility The other responsibility of the sovereign state was the implementation of rule of justice in real sense also faced the challenges and was not a simple criterion (Rabushka 161). Adam smith didn’t mention the theory in a complete way in his book about the definition of justice and how a state maintained it in rue way. Neverthele ss, with his other theories, he was a believer of liberalism for the right of citizens against the implementation of government rules on the issues of conscience and debate. The â€Å"expense of justice† chapter in the book had shown the discussion about the character of subordination of human beings and why the imposition of one individual on another always exists. The third responsibility of the sovereign state for the construction and maintenance of the public institutions and public workplace that was not in the limits of the individuals to do so personally, in other words it is known as natural monopolies that faced the maximum challenges (Roth 27). Government and Religion Apparently, the book showed last time what smith was thinking regarding the governmental

Abortion in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion in America - Essay Example The first instance was of Connecticut which criminalized abortion in the year 1821. Even in the cases of rape and incest, filing a police first investigation report was a prerequisite. However a woman with the name of Norma L. Mcorvay filed a petition against the abortion laws which fueled up the great debate of pro-life vs. pro-choice In June 1969, Mcorvay found out that she was pregnant with her third child and immediately decided to have an abortion. However due to its criminalization she could not get it done at any hospital. She was advised to register as a rape victim, however it did not happen there was no police report about the alleged incident. In 1970, two lawyers by the name of Coffee and Weddington filed a petition against the laws criminalizing abortion. The lawyers represented Mccorvay under the alias of Jane Roe while the Texas state was represented by Henry Wade (Mohr). Before the start of the legal proceedings, Roe conceded that she had not been raped and that case was actually meant as a plea to grant freedom to women regarding their personal choices. After multiple hearings a decision was finally announced on January 22, 1973. The court made abortion one of the fundamental rights under the US constitution, marking the beginning of a new era (Hoffer and Hoffer). There were many proposals including the proposal of viability which said that a woman can only have abortion until the fetus in her womb is not viable. By viable, it meant that the fetus could survive outside the mother’s body. However much of the freedom was granted to women and she could have an abortion after consulting a physician. . The case raised a fiery debate not only in the judicial circles but also among political and social groups. On one hand, the decision was heralded as a victory for women rights while on the other hand it came out as a blow to the believers of pro-life. The decision was controversial and still a large population of the country believes that it s hould be reverted. Perhaps the biggest shock to the whole pro-life vs. pro-choice debate was dealt by Mcorvay herself when she revealed in 1995 that she had become a proponent of pro-life (Bergel). Since then she has spoken openly against abortion and even filed petitions to overturn the decision, which did not yield any conclusive result. In the light of the above arguments, it can fairly easily be said that the matter is a very complicated one because abortion does not only affect the physical well-being of women but also psychological and emotional well-being. Therefore there needs to be a thorough study of the statistical data about people’s opinions as well as a sound scientific study before any further decision in this regard is taken. Although both sides of the debate has very strong points, I believe that abortion should not be legalized unless in the most extremes of cases. There are many forms of contraception available including, early morning pill and condoms; the refore unwanted pregnancies can easily be avoided if these contraceptive measures are taken. Legalization of abortion actually demeans the reproductive function of sex and projects it only as a means of having pleasure. This encourages unprotected sexual intercourse since unwanted conception can easily be aborted causing a greater number of people to be at a risk of contacting sexually transmitted diseases. Since legalization of abortion poses more of a threat rather than relief to the general well-being of women, it should only is legal in extreme cases. For example, in a situation like rape where the conception actually reminds the women of the trauma and puts a negative impact on her psychological well-being, abortion should be legalized. Also in some pregnancies, some extreme